Accuracy and Reproducibility in Quantification of Plasma Protein Concentrations by Mass Spectrometry without the Use of Isotopic Standards

Medical Biochemistr

Extensional structures in anisotropic rocks

A distinct class of structures can form as a result of extension along a plane of anisotropy (foliation). The effect of the foliation is to decrease the ductility of the material in this orientation so that brittle fractures or shear-bands develop. Foliation boudinage is caused by brittle failure; extensional fractures cause symmetric boudinage, and shear fractures cause asymmetric boudinage. Extensional crenulation cleavage is defined by sets of small-scale ductile shear-bands along the limbs of very open microfolds in the foliation. The sense of movement on the shear-bands is such as to cause a component of extension along the older foliation. Conjugate cleavage sets indicate coaxial shortening normal to the foliation; the shortening axis bisects the obtuse angle between the sets. A single set indicates oblique or non-coaxial deformation. Extensional crenulation cleavage is microstructurally and genetically distinct from other types of cleavage. It does not occur as an axial plane structure in folds, and has no fixed relationship to the finite strain axes. It is common in mylonite zones, and may be favoured by crystal-plastic and cataclastic deformational mechanisms. These cause grain-size reduction, and hence softening, which favour the development of shear-bands

Two-dimensional capillary liquid chromatography based on microfractionation

A two-dimensional capillary liquid chromatography (LC) method is described which is based on microfractionation, automated reinjection, and rechromatography using an automated microcolumn switching setup to separate complex peptide mixtures from different origin. Different types of separations modes, i.e., hydrophobic and charge separation mechanisms, have been applied to increase the selectivity and peak capacity and to approach orthogonal separation mechanisms. The first-dimension separations were carried out by either reversed-phase chromatography or strong anion exchange chromatography. The second-dimension separation was in all cases reversed-phase capillary LC. In case of two-dimensional reversed/reversed-phase separations, some degree of orthogonality was achieved by using either two different sets of mobile phase solvents and one reversed-phase capillary LC column or a single set of mobile phases and two capillary LC columns packed with different-reversed-phase stationary phases. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was conducted to confirm the orthogonality of the developed two-dimensional capillary LC technique. The analysis of tryptic digests of cytochrome C and fetuin and a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I peptide mixture are described

Fully automated on-line sample clean-up of minute proteinaceous samples prior to capillary LC-ESI-MS

An automated on-line ionic detergent removal precolumn system coupled to capillary liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry is described. The system involves two micro precolumns, composed of a specific ionic detergent trapping column and a preconcentration column respectively, and a packed 300 J.lIl1 i.d. analytical column. Sample loading to the micro precolumns - and regeneration of the detergent trapping column - was performed at a flow rate of 50 ~min while the flow rate through the analytical column was set at 5.0 ~min. Ionic detergent containing tryptic digested protein samples were directly applied to the micro precolumns without sample pretreatment and were analysed by UV absorption detection and electrospray-mass spectrometry. The presented system allows for the fully automated removal of SDS with virtually no loss in proteinlpeptides. Maximum SDS load and breakthrough have been determined. Excellent protein recovery and complete removal of SDS is found. The chromatographic separation after SDS removal was completely restored and equalled the reference chromatogram. Mass spectral data confirm these findings. Finally, this technique allows for SDS removal from minute protein samples without the need of any sample handling

Automated on-line ionic detergent removal from minute protein/peptide samples prior to liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry

An automated online ionic detergent removal pre-column system coupled to capillary liq. chromatog.-electrospray mass spectrometry is described. The system involves two micro precolumns, composed of a specific ionic detergent trapping column and a preconcn. column, resp., and a packed 300 micro m I.D. anal. column. Sample loading to the micro precolumns and regeneration of the detergent trapping column were preformed at a flow-rate of 5.0 micro l/min. while the flow-rate through the anal. column was set at 5.0 micro l/min. Ionic detergent-contg. tryptic-digested protein samples were directly applied to the micro precolumns without sample pretreatment and were analyzed by UV absorption detection and electrospray mass spectrometer. The presented system allows for the fully automated removal of SDS with virtually no loss in protein/peptides. Max. SDS load and breakthrough have been detd. Excellent protein recovery and complete removal of SDS is found. The chromatog. sepn. after SDS removal was completely restored and equaled the ref. chromatogram. Mass spectral data confirm these findings. Finally, this technique allows for SDS removal from minute protein samples without the need for any sample handling. [on SciFinder (R)

Smart grid voor comfort

Er vindt onderzoek plaats naar een nieuwe regelstrategie gebaseerd op de toepassing van een draadloos sensor netwerk dat is gekoppeld aan het smart grid. Doel van deze regelstrategie is om op gebruikersniveau energie te kunnen besparen met behoud of zelfs verbetering van het individueel comfort. Er zijn verschillende scenario’s voor individueel comfort en energiegebruik van apparatuur met behulp van agents die voor de aansturing kunnen zorgen. Zo wordt de kern van de energievraag geoptimaliseerd. De doorwerking hiervan tot op het niveau van woning/gebouw en de koppeling met het externe elektriciteitsnet kan vervolgens worden geoptimaliseerd

Fully automated on-line sample clean-up of minute proteinaceous samples prior to capillary LC-ESI-MS

An automated on-line ionic detergent removal precolumn system coupled to capillary liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry is described. The system involves two micro precolumns, composed of a specific ionic detergent trapping column and a preconcentration column respectively, and a packed 300 J.lIl1 i.d. analytical column. Sample loading to the micro precolumns - and regeneration of the detergent trapping column - was performed at a flow rate of 50 ~min while the flow rate through the analytical column was set at 5.0 ~min. Ionic detergent containing tryptic digested protein samples were directly applied to the micro precolumns without sample pretreatment and were analysed by UV absorption detection and electrospray-mass spectrometry. The presented system allows for the fully automated removal of SDS with virtually no loss in proteinlpeptides. Maximum SDS load and breakthrough have been determined. Excellent protein recovery and complete removal of SDS is found. The chromatographic separation after SDS removal was completely restored and equalled the reference chromatogram. Mass spectral data confirm these findings. Finally, this technique allows for SDS removal from minute protein samples without the need of any sample handling

DESA1002 'Continuous City' Gillian Bennett

My design incorporates a combination of traditional Venetian style architecture (arched windows/entrances and use of stone) with more modern day forms and structures. Located in the heart of Venice, this Market Place and adjoining Restaurant offers public access from both the land and water via an open plan ground floor, taking advantage of water as the major form of transportation in Venice. The first and second floors consist of a restaurant and associated restaurant facilities and the third floor is a private bar and entertainment area. The large wooden cubes protruding from the original structure have been inspired by Robert Simeoni’s Seaford Lifesaving Club, comprised of horizontal wooden louvres that act as a sun control mechanism whilst simultaneously allowing people to look out across the city. I have decided to keep the exterior of the old building to create connections with both Venice and traditional architecture, visualised through the grey box-board exterior. Varnished wood was my chosen material as it works well in conjunction with the stone masonry and strong regular forms of the cubes, an important feature as it does not make the building stand out to much in the city and contributes to a higher chance of public acceptance and appreciation of it. Indeed, the exterior of the building makes a subtle connection with both the past and present. The major form of circulation is the wooden staircase that runs along the exterior facade, stopping at each level, offering an interesting comparison to traditional forms of travel within and throughout a building